Friday, August 31, 2012

Part 2: Big Boy Bob's Backyard - Harare, Zimbabwe

I’m walking across the border from Mozambique into Zimbabwe.  It’s hot and the crossing is crowded with huge trucks parked off to the side.  Drivers are dozing in their cabs as they wait to muddle through the interminably slow and bureaucratic process of bribing border control agents to get into the country with their haul.

Fortunately, I have some US dollars tucked away in order to pay for a visa since the country has a dollarized economy.  This was put in place after the now infamous collapse of their economy a few years ago when a 10,000,000 Zimbabwean note (that is not a typo) were virtually worthless.  The move prevented the country from falling off a cliff into an economic abyss, but it also means everything is considerably more expensive compared to neighboring countries that have their own currency.  The old notes are still around, but they are sold to tourists as collector’s items and a reminder of the government’s stunning destruction of the nation’s economy.  Ironically, the notes are worth far more now then they ever were when in circulation.

After passing through the check point I grab the first cold Fanta I find and negotiate passage to Harare in a dalla dalla.  It’s 200 miles and roughly 4 hours away.  I am thankful the vehicle is clean, in good shape, and not overcrowded.  (You learn to appreciate the little things that are normally taken for granted.)

The ride is hot and torturous because the driver has a single music video playing on a loop on the van’s television.  It must have played 50 times in a row on the loudest setting (probably at “number 11”.  If you get that joke without the help of Google, I’ll buy you a Fanta).

We pass ancient homes with roofs of thatched grass and sticks and dirt floors.  Small fires burn in front of most of them as kids run about, stopping briefly to watch the traffic barreling along the road, sometimes waving and sometimes just curiously gazing.

We arrive at the outskirts of Harare.   The driver lets me off near the large bus depot, teeming with cabs, vans, food stalls, and hundreds of people milling about.  I haven’t booked a hotel room and don’t have much of a clue where I’m headed, so I just start aimlessly walking around downtown Harare.  My strategy is to find an internet café so I can look up some potential places to stay, but I can’t find one.

After about an hour of wandering with 60 pounds on my back, I throw in the towel and end up at the Crown Plaza.  I am a hot, sweaty mess when I stumble up to the registration desk exhausted.  When I hear the price per night for a room I decide to look elsewhere.  The staff seems to take pity on me and hail me a cab, informing the driver to take me to a local backpackers (like a hostel) lodge.

The first lodge is full and the second lodge only takes cash.  Since it’s a Saturday and ATMs only work during weekdays (I have no idea why), I decided I can’t burn through all of my US dollars on a hotel room because I can’t last until Monday without any money.  Virtually no one takes credit cards in Zimbabwe, except for the big foreign hotels so I head back to the Crown Plaza.

The women behind reception just laugh and insist they’ll give me a good room.  A few minutes later I am settled in and enjoying the clean bathroom and over zealous air conditioning.  From the 25th floor I can see much of the city and my eyes end up on the large park just next to the hotel.  There’s a large (very large) crowd starting to gather and I watch curiously.

A moment later a piece of paper is slipped under my door that, essentially, reads that the management apologizes for the inconvenience but there is a concert in the park from 9pm until 2am and it could get loud.  Oh, and foreigners shouldn’t go outside in the area of the hotel because large and potentially unruly crowds are unpredictable, i.e. there will be a lot of drunk, rowdy people around so stay in your room.

Being trapped in a decent hotel is not the worst fate I could imagine, until the music starts.  It is so loud the windows of my room on the 25th floor are rattling and it goes on for hours and hours.  Awesome.

The next morning, after having endlessly surfed the hotel’s wifi the night before, I move to another accommodation I found outside of town.  It’s cheap, clean and quiet, and although it’s a solid walk to downtown, there is a very fancy shopping plaza a few minutes away.

I spend the day exploring Harare, which is quiet and uncongested since it’s a Sunday.  Walking around  I see visible signs of past grandeur including a large mosque whose façade is made entirely of tiny turquoise tiles, but it’s falling apart from disrepair.  The city and much of the country is renowned for once having had enviable infrastructure, but  the city is now a shadow of it’s former self.

There is a discernable pallor to the city’s environs and the faces you pass on the street are sullen.  Unlike most other African capitals, Harare is not dotted with construction cranes pulling large, new buildings of glass and steel out from a thatch of the surrounding dilapidations.  The city is crumbling and without anything new preparing to take its place.

More disappointing then the buildings, however, is that of all the places I’ve been thus far, the Zimbabweans’ with whom I interacted were the least friendly people I’ve come across.  Not to say they were mean or impolite, but definitely not warm like so many others I’ve met.

I didn’t plan it at the time, but I later realized I didn’t take a single picture of people, buildings, landscapes or anything because the place was just too depressing.

On Monday I go back into town and explore.  My first stop is an ATM machine, which has an hour-long line that snakes around a city block.  Since it’s a cash economy and the currency is so tightly controlled, accessing a bank is an ordeal.  I get cash and stopping for lunch at a fast food place.  When I go to pay, they tell me they can’t make change for a $50 bill, but there’s a bank upstairs.

I get to the second floor and I am in the middle of a furniture show room, which is also a bank.  The teller I speak to informs me that it costs $2 just to break a fifty into a denomination I can actually use to buy things.  Such a racket, but I have no choice.  The bills I get in exchange are literally disintegrating they are so old and worn.  Again, since it’s a cash economy they are used over and over again and since the bills are never repatriated to the US, they are never turned over and exchanged for new bills.

I will resist the temptation to share a protracted treatise on Zimbabwe’s history and politics, but I will say that the oppressive presence of “Bob” (the not-so-subtle way Zimbabweans dismissively refer to President Robert Mugabe whose been in office for more than 20 years) is ubiquitous.  You don’t see large statues or images of him that was so typical of Soviet-styled totalitarianism or the likes of Saddam Hussein or Kim Jong-Il, and there isn’t a visible presence of military or police on the streets as a deterrent to citizen dissent.  But this is only because none of those things are necessary as Bob has successfully crushed the spirit of average Zimbabweans to the point where they have no fight in them.  They are docile and resigned to live in a country that provides no hope for change until Bob joins Saddam and Jong-Il in whatever place dead dictators find themselves.

After only 2 and half days, I decide I’ve seen enough of Harare, so I buy my bus ticket for Lusaka, Zambia, which is 300 miles and 8 hours away.  I'll go back once Bob is six feet under.  Until then, Bob, you can kiss my a**.

Up Next:  Part 3. - Lusaka, Zambia a.k.a. Little China

Wednesday, August 29, 2012

The Mzungu, a Gentle Giant, Roadside Popcorn, Smuggling Mothers, and a Dwindling Kindle

Part 1.

I don’t know if I am courageous, clever, lucky or just plain stupid, but it probably depends on the day and whom you ask.  On a particular day several weeks ago, some combination of all four conspired and I decided to travel overland from Tete – a remote coal-mining town in northern Mozambique – to Dar es Salaam on the Tanzanian coast.  The 2,000 mile journey would take me on a series of chiapas (long-range vans), dalla dallas (short-range van), and long-range buses over 6 days, across three borders, through 4 countries, and to 3 capitals.  By the end of it, I would have a new friend, dysentery, a good story, and a solemn vow to never to do it again.

Part 1.  Tete, Mozambique to Harare, Zimbabwe 

I rise early and make my way on foot through Tete’s quiet streets with all my gear, searching for a particular spot on the road out of town where the Chiapas headed in the direction of the Zimbabwe border hang out.  I find the parking area and it’s already buzzing.  Curious looks greet me as primarily young local men joke and jostle with each other while eating morning cakes and guzzling cold Cokes out of old school bottles.

I negotiate with one of the drivers and, having learned from my last ride, I claim the front seat right off the bat.  Based on previous experience, I also know that we’re not going anywhere any time soon, so I get a Fanta and some kind of turnover from one of the vendors on the side of the park.  The young guy looks at me like he’s just seen Bigfoot and he’s ordering a soda.  At this point I’m pretty use to it though.

The waiting areas for vans are great for people watching.  The cocky drivers bounce around, shouting and laughing as potential customers meander by.  I see all manner of people discussing potential trips with different vans before settling on one.  After about an hour we’re ready to roll.

The chiapas go as far as the border between Mozambique and Zimbabwe.  It’s only 90 miles, but takes around 3.5 hours because they slow down (mercifully) upon reaching any and every smattering of roadside huts so one of the van workers can open the side door mid-flight, lean out and yell out the name of the next town in rapid, barley discernable succession while the driver lays on the horn for good measure.

“blab-blah-blah-blah-blah-blah!” “blab-blah-blah-blah-blah-blah!” “blab-blah-blah-blah-blah-blah!” is what it sounded like to me.  Occasionally someone will wave down the van and hop aboard, the van barely stopping.

At one stop, the van is hailed by a young woman laden with bags and goods and a sleeping infant fastened to her back with a large scarf.  She’s about to board but she hesitates and backs off.  A heated conversation takes place between the van worker, driver and the woman.  She’s clearly reluctant to board.  I thought they were haggling over price, but then other passengers start chiming in, directing comments to the woman who keeps shaking her head and stepping away from the van.

I can’t understand a word so I ask the fellow next to me what’s going on and he tells me the woman is reluctant to get on a van that only has men on it.  A moment later, I hear the van worker say “blah, blah, blah mzungu” as he looks in my direction.  Well, “mzungu” means “white man” in various Bantu languages so I know immediately that he’s talking about me as I’m the only white person on the nearly full 14-person van.  So I lean over, smile and wave to the woman while saying “hello” as friendly as I can.  The van erupts in laughter and the woman smiles back, looking slightly embarrassed.

The guy next to me says:  “The driver is trying to assure her it’s okay to get on the bus with the men and told her ‘don’t be afraid.  There’s a white man (mzungu) to protect you”.  I want to be flattered by the idea, but she still won’t get on.  My reputation has preceded me, perhaps.

Finally, with the whole van cajoling her and me looking as innocent as I can, she gets on and settles in.  We’re all happy to have her join us and the van motors on.  The baby sleeps through the whole affair.

Five minutes and two miles down the road, the van pulls over again and another man climbs aboard.  The woman just shakes her head and buries her face into her hands.  We all, including the young woman, have a good laugh.

We reach the Zimbabwean border and I unceremoniously take my leave.  The van swings away from the checkpoint and speeds off while I start the hike towards the Mozambique border stop. After a quick stamp in my passport I’m crossing through no-man’s-land towards their counterparts in Zimbabwe.

----------

Footnote:  The literal translation of mzungu (mah-zune-goo) is actually "aimless wanderer".  It was given to the white explorers who first arrived in East Africa by the Bantu in 1500, which seems to be as apropos now when referring to me as it was to the Portuguese back then.

Up Next:  Part II – Harare, Zimbabwe

Wednesday, August 15, 2012

A Day in the Life (UPDATED w/Photo)

Bed net
I was planning to do a "Day in the Life" of my Africa trip today in honor of, well, myself given that today is my birthday.  It started off well enough with me taking pictures of my morning routine and environs and scribbling little interesting or funny notes to remember later.  The problem is that today was pretty boring as far as days on this trip go, so the whole Day in the Life theme was kind of shot by early afternoon.
my lovely view
The basics: being awoken by the sound of mysterious rushing water outside my window and not remembering I was sleeping under a mosquito net.  Taking my fistful of pills to prevent all sorts of hidden threats as well as for a chronically bad knee and festering (B. Noone that one is for you) wound on my leg.  Asking for an iron to in order to iron my specially purchased "wrinkle free" work pants, dress shirt and blazer (such bullshit) and instead having someone insist on taking my things to be ironed only to return minutes later insisting they be washed given how dirty they are.  (Too bad I didn't have time for all that).
Gangrenous?
Pressure packed for freshness
Half a dozen daily pills
 After donning my newly pressed but apparently dirty business threads, I wandered the streets looking for dress shoes since I no longer have any, only to be laughed out of a half dozen stores when I asked if they carried size 12 and a half.   So now it's nearly the time of my first official meeting and I have to show up wearing flip flops while in a blazer and khakis with a button down.  I just hoped that the person I am meeting with was too dazzled by how pressed I was not to notice my feet.

My first meeting is at a local mall, which on the inside looks like a mall in middle America except for the names on the stores.  A quick samosa for breakfast washed down with a lukewarm orange Fanta I sit with a local reporter with Bloomberg and we cover a range of topics from government corruption to foreign investment to the best wildlife viewing spots in Arusha in the north.

We part after a solid two hours and I make a beeline for the local version of KFC to wolf down lunch before battling the long line at the Vodacom store in order to hopefully, finally, solve my internet connectivity issues with a USB modem.
400,000 Tanzanian Shillings (about $US250)
After a successful but painful transaction, I make my way to my next meeting with an unnamed government official.  Two hours after starting the discussion, which was very fruitful, I am getting tired of hearing the gentleman speak as I start day dreaming about a celebratory cold beer and cigar.  However, now that his office has pretty much cleared out, he starts talking in code about bribes, consulting agreements, and advisory board positions for his extra curricular activities.  I don't want to be rude and he could be helpful to my work, so I just nod and say "oh really?" a lot as I try not to completely lose it for the next hour.

Three hours after we started, I am finally free and out the door and on the street.  Now I really need a beer.

A tuk-tuk driver and I haggle over a ride back to my hotel (haggling is pretty much my favorite thing to do) and after we agree on a price I climb aboard and we speed off into traffic.

Once the driver goes in circles for the third time I finally cut my losses and decide to walk the rest of the way since I know better where we are in relation to my hotel than he.  I wander through outdoor markets buzzing with patrons gathering fresh ingredients for the evening meal, hot, tired, hungry and still in my f*kg sandals.  A cold orange Fanta (my new obsession) to take back to my hotel and all is right with the world.

Back in my hotel dealing with emails and the power goes out.  Perhaps its a sign that it's time to stop working and have some birthday cheer.

I make my way to the hotel restaurant off the lobby.  It is drab and dark with the primary light coming from the huge blaring television in the corner.  I am the only customer.

Greeted by a very friendly woman in a fabulously studded and shiny hajib, I take a seat near the TV and start flipping through the channels.  I settled on "The Devil's Own" and the safe option of spaghetti bolognase and, you guessed it, an orange Fanta (no beer at the hotel because it is owned my Muslims).

Happily sitting alone, droning out to a fairly old but decent flick, my little birthday celebration is interrupted by another patron who enters the restaurant.  A black woman of probably 35 years old in a shockingly low cut dress and a great deal of make up sits at the table next to mine, smiles, and says "karibu", which means "welcome" in Swahili.  The following is the conversation that transpires over the next several minutes:

Me: Hello.
Woman:  Hello.
Woman:  Hello
Me.  Hi.
Woman:  Are we friends?
Me:  Excuse me?
Woman:  We're friends.
Me:  Yes (laughing) okay.  Nice to meet you.
Woman:  I love you.
Me:  I'm sorry?
Woman:  I love you
Me:  (awkward laughter) Okay.  Thank you.
Woman:  Do you love me?
Me:  Umm, no, not really.
Woman:  You should love me.

It goes on like this for a while as I grow more uncomfortable and she becomes more explicit.  Once I make it clear that I am not interested a large gentleman enters the restaurant and after a brief exchange in Swahili she says goodbye and walks out. (UPDATE:  photo below added the following day when she was waiting for me in the lobby of my hotel.)
Miriam
After a very satisfying plate of pasta and a cold Fanta, I adjourn to my room.

Preparations for night time:  bed net in place, pre-emptive roach spray deployed, cigar lit and the internet is up and running.

While out and about and realizing my "Day in the Life" idea wasn't going to pan out, I thought of writing about something more weighty like my perennial struggle with and search for purpose or something profound about the daily toil of the average African trying to eek out a living or how the leaders elected to serve the public good in emerging democracies consistently fail to succeed in providing the most basic services to their citizens.  But after quietly and simply basking in the good wishes of the people in my life, I decide those things can wait for another day.

I finally have a chance to peruse my Facebook and am humbled by the birthday wishes from family and friends past and present from places near and far (mostly far).  After a fairly typical day, I am welcomed home by little bits of data on my screen that have reminded me that I am a very lucky guy not just today but every day.

Today is my birthday, and I am thankful for all of the gifts I have received. The short notes and small gestures have made their way to me and left their mark.  Thank you all.

Regularly scheduled programming including a pretty good story about a 40-hour bus ride from Lusaka, Zambia to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to resume tomorrow!

Yours,

David

Wednesday, August 8, 2012

Three Weeks in Mozambique

Sailboat - Inhaca Bay
Mozambique is a unique nation in that its cultural influences are a combination of African and Latin, having been a substantial colony of Portugal for 450 years.   Portuguese is the official and most widely spoken language, but the food, music, art and architecture, and social norms reflect both distinct cultures.
Maputo Promenade
The country gained its independence from Portugal after a ten-year struggle back in 1975 when 250,000 Portuguese – the majority in Mozambique – opted to leave after the colonial regime fell.  But a short time later the country was embroiled in a 15 year long civil war in which over a million Mozambique citizens perished.  Although Mozambique gained its independence around the same time as many other former western colonies, the war has held back the country’s development and progress.
Maputo Bay
The leaders of the revolution subscribed to the Communist/Socialist ideology of the Soviet Union as a minor client state until 1990 when the country became, technically, a democracy and embraced the fundamental tenants of capitalism.  The country has just recently begun to aggressively join the global economy as it promotes foreign trade and investment in the country, which has tremendous potential given the discoveries of massive coal and natural gas reserves.  A notable juxtaposition to the government’s 180-degree turn towards capitalism, are the major streets in the capital, which bear the names of Socialism’s most famous founders.  Perhaps it is ironic or a cruel joke that the US Embassy’s large “American Cultural Center” is located at the corner of “Mao Tse Tung” and “Vladimir Lenine” avenues.
For the last decade, Mozambique has been one of the world's top ten for annual average GDP growth, but it still has one of the lowest rates of GDP per capita, one of the worst human development index scores, one of the highest rankings in terms of inequality, and the world's lowest life expectancy.

Ferlimo - Mozambique's dominant political party
Mozambique is ruled by a single, dominant party, making it similar to many African nations in that it is “democracy light”.  The current regime is seen to be overtly corrupt and having a hand in every aspect of governance and foreign business and trade.  This slows down but will not stop the country’s gradual integration into the world economy.  The mineral deposits underneath its earth are too lucrative for foreign companies and nations to be deterred by poor governance, corruption, lack of accountability and transparency.  I would argue that the influx of foreign capital and executives seeking returns will do more to eventually bring around more robust democratic ideals and institutions than economic isolation would, and will certainly do more good than foreign aid from the US and Europe, which makes up 40% of the government’s overall national budget annually.

Mural - Maputo Church
















While I was in Maputo, Nobel Economist Joseph Stiglitz was on a barnstorming speaking tour to packed conference halls where he railed against the formal and informal institutions of globalization including his former employer, the World Bank, for contributing to the widening disparity of opportunity in the country.  Stiglitz also warned audiences of the “resource curse” that has so often hobbled the economies of other nations upon the discovery of vast natural resource wealth.

China’s growing influence can be seen upon arriving in Maputo, the capital, as the entrance/exit to the airport – which the Chinese government built as a “gift to the people of Mozambique” – has a name banner in Portuguese, Chinese and English.
Inhaca Island












The capital itself is dusty and dirty with many more buildings in disrepair than shiny and new.  The newest and most recently remodeled buildings are the two hotels catering to foreign business people, diplomats, and aid agency officials.
Polana Hotel - Maputo
The avenues are wide and tree lined although the roads are full of potholes and the sidewalks in a serious state of disrepair as you dodge large pieces of broken concrete and holes.  The train station has become fairly useless for trains, so at night it becomes a bar and dance club. Sundays are eerily quiet leaving primarily building and ATM security guards alone on the street as they doze in plastic lawn chairs.
Maputo
On quiet afternoons I park myself at a café near where I am staying.  On the third day, the owner introduces himself and we make conversation.  He’s a white Mozambique citizen of Portuguese decent and struggling to keep his business above water.  He laments the current government for its corruption, waste, and ineptitude as well as its lack of interest in improving the every day lives of its citizens.  He waxes on about the “good old days” of Colonial rule when things were better under white minority rule.  The blame, he says, is in giving poor people hope that they too can move up the economic ladder, which breeds discontent and eventually a social rift that will tear the country apart.  “There was solidarity in poverty,” he says.  “Now everyone is just out for themselves.”
Inhaca Island
The growing economic disparity is readily apparent, but the singularly dominant political party’s grip on all facets of government and, increasingly, strategic pieces of foreign-owned businesses, change is unlikely to come through formal channels.  The country is war weary after a long internal struggle.  As in so many young nations whose people yearn for real democracy, it is still many years away and only likely once a large middle class emerges and demands a more accountable government.
Flying a kite - Inhaca Island
Hotel Pool - Inhaca Island
A fascinating dynamic in Mozambique is the reappearance of Portuguese citizens who are returning in droves – 100 a week – seeking work and hoping to emigrate.  The economic stagnation throughout much of Europe has swelled the rolls of unemployed.  This time Mozambique’s former colonists are armed with CVs rather than with guns, looking to be hired rather than to fire.

The guesthouse where I stayed – Mandala – is owned by a couple of Portuguese and Mozambique decent.  They often cater to the Portuguese seeking to relocate or just vacation as well as other foreigners.  Their warmth and friendliness was a godsend, even on those nights when I just wanted to sleep and they dragged me onto the porch to drink and talk into the wee hours with them and their friends.  My sleep may have suffered, but I was thankful for their unrelenting kindness.
Low Tide - Inhaca Island
One of the other guests was a young Portuguese gentleman who was an unemployed civil engineer.  He said that since nothing was being built in Lisbon these days, he was hoping to find work in Mozambique and move his young family to the country.  After only two weeks of looking, he landed a good job and plans to return in a matter of weeks to begin the process of uprooting his life in Europe and move to Africa.
Maputo Bay
With one of my rare days off, I traveled by boat to Inhaca – a nearby island – to absently stroll its beaches.  Because of the tides, to get from the boat to the shore, you had to walk a fair distance in the water.
Disembark - Inhaca Island
Rowboat
Morning Stroll - Inhaca Island
Shipwreck - Inhaca Island



From Maputo, I flew to the northern region to a city called Tete.  A small, dusty place far, far away from the relative comforts and metropolitan influences of the city, it is at the center of Mozambique’s economic future.  Large coal deposits were discovered some years ago, and since 2005, two of the world’s largest mineral extraction companies have begun operations in the surrounding areas while dozens of other concessions to other companies have been granted.  This will not only transform the region, but promises to deliver substantial returns to the country as tens of billions of dollars pour into the coal industry in the next few years.
The town is bursting at the seams with massive coal trucks, cars, buses, and all other forms of transport sharing the same small road and bridge squeezing over the Zambezi River.  In only a few days I saw two separate accidents on the same patch of road including a man who had been hit by a passing truck and lay dying in the sweltering sun while people stood by helplessly waiting for emergency services.
Soda cans as a toy
Infrastructure and services in Tete have fallen dramatically far behind the pace of commercial activity in the area, creating difficult conditions for the town’s long-time residents.  Land prices have shot up, food and basic goods are well beyond the price range of locals, and the government seems completely incapable of managing the breakneck pace of growth on its streets.
Tuk-Tuk
Lasting impressions of Mozambique include the ubiquitous warmth and kindness of strangers, the country’s vast economic potential, the consistently missed opportunities to build a more equal and egalitarian society, and the profound meaning of the influx of Portuguese – the former colonial power – to Mozambique as emblematic of a fundamental global paradigm shift that will continue apace.

Next Story:  Short Stops in Harare, Zimbabwe and Lusaka, Zambia